Chapter 7

Salamatov's TRIZ Textbook Errata Chap. 7
Errata and Q&A on Salamatov's TRIZ Textbook (English Edition): "TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time"
Chapter 7
Valeri Souchkov (Insytec, The Netherlands), Toru Nakagawa (Osaka Gakuin Univ.), Mar. - Oct., 2000
Compiled and posted here on Nov. 22, 2000

Chapter 7 (Souchkov's Errata, Mar. 2000)

Page is has to be

143 2. Formulation of main useful function. 2. Formulation of main useful function and social demand for a new technical system.

145 Formulation of main useful function Increase of main useful function

149 Strategy 3 ? part of the technical system functions are delivered by its subsystem and substance. Strategy 3 ? part of the technical system functions are delivered by its subsystem and further by a substance.

150 Therefore, a technical problem arises: carbon sintering requires a high temperature which damages the copper wire.. Therefore, a technical contradiction arises: carbon sintering requires a high temperature, but the high temperature damages the copper wire.

152 ...substances (phosphorus and tritium) have 'absorbed' all the other... ...substances (luminophore and tritium) have 'absorbed' all the other...

155 The Ideal Final Result serves as criterion for the best solution The Ideal Final Result serves as as a major guideline...

155 The strive to reach the ideal final result readily cuts off the lower levels solutions.... The strive to reach the ideal final result radically cuts off the lower levels solutions.

155 There can be several solutions handled by the same formula: from bimetal plates to inflatable (or liquid) moulds. There can be several solutions handled by the same formula: from bimetal plates for pushing away the ice-cube to inflatable (or liquid) moulds.

156 Russian Federation Patent no. 606 282 Russian Federation Patent no. 506 282

158 The thieves imitate an unconnected connection, taking it for a mistake The thieves imitate an unconnected connection, taking it for a mistake. Solutions close to ideal can be obtained by using the physical effects. For instance, to solve a problem about "smart pegs" Page 72), where the physical contradiction is "there are should be many pegs and not many pegs", we must choose an action which would provide the main useful function: cutting metal sheets. That is, there should be many pegs, but they must disappear in a proximity of fire. Answer: the pegs have to be made from the metal that has memory shape, for instance, nitinol. When a peg "feels" the approaching heat, it bends towards the table. After being cooled down, it will restore its original position.

159 In 1912 S.Lebedyev was the first to obtain synthetic rubber. In 1932 S.Lebedyev was the first to obtain synthetic rubber.

165 Soviet Patent 774 466 Soviet Patent 774 661

Chapter 7 (Errata pointed out by Nakagawa, July 2000)

P L E/Q is has to be

144 b19 Q It would be the nacelle and not the rotor, which has a high air resistance, that would gain the rotation. It would be the nacelle and not only the rotor, which has a high air resistance, that would gain the rotation. [This sentence is not clear in its meaning.]

145 t19-20 S This came as a shock for all but for one person's life it was the turning point. This came as a shock for all, but for one person's life it was the turning point.

146 t16 S (design) - 8000 km/hr - 1 mln km/hr. (design) - 8000 km/hr - 1 million km/hr.

148 b17 E a boiler with the height of 117 and weight of a boiler with the height of 117 m and weight of

149 b16 S nighbour, which is disposed of as irrelevant, one substance takes up nighbour, which is disposed of as irrelevant, and one substance takes up

150 t6 C optical fibre cables were placed inside the existing water pipes, optical fibre cables were placed inside the existing waste water tubes,

150 t17-18 S and another light shutters (yellow light, for example) and another light shutters (green light, for example)

151 b9-8 E This is not the solution problem about a clothing mill This is not the solution of problem about a clothing mill

152 b9 S is clearly evident in radio electronics: is clearly evident in microelectronics:

153 b14-13 S - all this constitutes the increase of the technical systems ideality level. - all these constitute the increase of the technical system's ideality level.

153 b3 Q to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost anything'. to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost without anything'.

156 t15 Q will freeze to turn ice will freeze to turn into ice

159 t1 S 7.3 LET US FACTOR THE TRIVIAL OUT 7.3 'LET US FACTOR THE TRIVIAL OUT'

159 t7 Q steel wheels would slide along the steel rails steel wheels would slip over the steel rails

159 b9 E Kolbe once called van't Hoff's Kolbe once called van't Hoff's

160 b16 E the speed of 900 km/Hr the speed of 900 km/hr

161 t2 Q Different trends eventually grow, Different trends gradually grow,

162 t6-7 E for example, some parts of body, may be for example, some parts of body may be

162 t8-9 E the heavier and taller the person is the more he knows the heavier and taller the person is, the more he knows

163 b2 E He played a loosing game He played a losing game

164 b10 S filters mean expenses for their design and maintenance... filters mean expenses for their installment and maintenance...

165 b10 E prove that they hypothesis is true prove that the hypothesis is true

165 b5 E (polyacriamide, for instance, polyacrilamide, for instance,

167 t1 E PLASTIC SPRINKLE PLASTIC SPRINKLER

Chapter 7 (Questions/Comments by Nakagawa and Answers by Souchkov)

P L E/Q/C Is Has to be [or Question] Answer

141 t3-4 S the principle of transformation of a real technical system into an ideal one the principle of transition of a real technical system into an ideal one ok

141 t4 S has an entirely material basis. has an entirely materialistic basis. ok

141 t17 S To be able to see the chain of these transformations we can use To be able to see the chain of these transitions we can use ok

143 b17-16 S and the convolution period of technical system begins. On the surface it may appear as simplification and the convolution period of technical system begins. On the surface, the convolution of technical system may appear as simplification
[The word "it" seems not clear.] ok

143 b7-6 S each of them goes through a series of steps: each of them goes through a series of macroscopic steps in the following way:
[Not the microscopic steps for individual inventions.] ok

144 t6 E (wider - cultural) knowledge. (wider -- cultural) knowledge. ok

144 t9 S 8. Increase of main useful function (see step 4). 8. Increase of main useful function (i.e. going back to step 4). ok

144 t10 S Let us look at these steps in more detail. Let us look at these macroscopic steps in more detail. ok

144 b21-18 Q/S and had no idea that it was impossible to fly using the described device even with enough human power. It would be the nacelle and not the rotor, whcih has a high air resistance, that would gain the rotation. [I think these sentences are wrong. They should be:]
and had no idea that it had a serious problem to fly using the described device even with enough human power. Not only the rotor but also the nacelle would gain the rotation. yes.

144 b15-14 S The model could rise up in the air with the spring engine delivering a thrust of 10 g. His miniature model could rise up in the air with the spring engine delivering a thrust of 10 g. ok

144 b7-6 S were placed one under the other (this was M. Lomonosov's idea of which the French were unaware). were placed one under the other (this was a variation of M. Lomonosov's idea of which the French were unaware). ok

146 t7-8 S as any gain in weight is used to increase the power of the engine and convenience. as any gain in weight is used to increase not only the power of the engine but also convenience. yes

146 t17-18 S The increase of main useful function manifests itself at all the lower levels of the hierarchy. The increase of main useful function manifests itself also at all the lower levels of the hierarchy. yes

146 b19-18 Q/S Elimination of the technical contradiction promotes the progress of the system while a compromise leaves it where it is. [The word "it" is not clear. Am I right in:]
Elimination of the technical contradiction promotes the progress of the system while a compromise leaves the technical contradiction where it is. yes, precisely

147 t19-20 Q In the 80-ties the invention of armored compound of steel and iron [What is "armored compound"?] In the 80-ties, the invention of armor made of a compound of steel and iron

147 b6 E led to undesirable overheating of the turning tool. led to undesirable overheating of the cutting tool. yes

147 b3 S (Soviet Patent no. 1 175 611). (Soviet Patent no. 1 175 611) (see Fig. a). ok

147 b2-1 S (Soviet Patent no. 1 175 612). (Soviet Patent no. 1 175 612) (see Fig. b). ok

148 top [two figures without labeling.] [Label the figures a) and b).] ok

148 b11-10 S the designers try to increase power as well as resources and energy consumption the designers try to increase power by means of increasing in resources and energy consumption ok

149 top Q [The abscissa of the figure is written as "main useful function".] [In the previous figure in page 143, the abscissa is not specified but supposed to be "time" as in page 141 and in page 142. If you prefer "main useful function", you should better mention it in page 143 and here. ] On page 143, the abscissa refers to the main useful function as well. Please, indicate it.

150 t8 S This technical decision (as well as in the case with gloves) This technical solution (as well as in the case with gloves) yes

152 t12-13 Q In order to find the fracture in a printed circuit board with radio components [I do not understand what you mean here with the words "fracture" and "radio components". And why is the fracture detectable with the temperature difference?] In order to find the break of a conductive pattern in a printed circuit board with installed electronic components
[The PCB is tested under applied voltage, and no current will pass through the break point. Therefore, the broken conductor line will dissipate no thermal energy. The temperature will be different (lower) in the broken conductor line].

152 b13 Q Each hose along the generating line [What is the "generating line" here?] generating line here = generatrix of the hose

152 b9 S The idealization process is clearly evident in radio electronics: extra-large scale integrated circuits include The idealization process is clearly evident in micorelectronics: extra-large scale integrated circuits include
[I feel there are some more places where you use the word "radio" in a somewhat strange meaning. Does it reflect any Russian expression?] yes, exactly. Historically we speak "radio engineering" to express almost everything related to the area of electronics In Russian. In this example, I would use the word "electronics" rather than "microelectronics". Whenever you feel the need to replace "radio engineering" with "electronics" please do so.

152 b7 S New methods make it possible to program the crystal properties so as to New methods make it possible to program the semiconductor crystal properties so as to yes

152 b5 S - all on one crystal. Thus, a complex electronic circuit fits into one crystal. all on one chip. Thus, a complex electronic circuit fits into one semiconductor crystal. yes

153 t14-15 S disintegrates at a high temperature and extracts the initial substance. disintegrates at a high temperature and deposits the initial substance. yes

153 b14-13 S - all this constitutes the increase of the technical systems ideality level. - all theseconstitute examples of the increase of the technical system's ideality level. yes

153 b4-3 S Yet the device is often redundant, the task is to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost anything'. Yet the device is often redundant, the real task is to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost without anything'. yes

156 t3 Q What can be more ideal than that? [Here the word "that" is clear enough.] What idea can be more ideal than this?

156 t12 E The volume of ice is by 9% higher than that of the initial water. The volume of ice is by 9% larger than that of the initial water. yes

156 t15-18 S To separate the freezing time so that the lower layer would freeze and eject the ice-cube after the cube itself hardens up this lower layer should contain salty water with a freezing point at, say, -4 ⁰C. [It is difficult to get the idea here in this sentence. My sugestion is:]
Let us separate the freezing time of the two portions, so that the lower layer would freeze later and eject the upper-layer ice-cube after the cube itself hardens up. So the lower layer should contain salty water with a freezing point at, say, -4 ⁰C. yes

156 t22-24 S It describe the way hot ingots use heat converted by an thermoelectric generator which is fixed on an electric trolley to transport themselves from one shop to another. [This sentence contains a mistake and difficult to understand. ]
It describe the way hot ingots use their own heat converting it into electricity with an thermoelectric generator which is fixed on an electric trolley so as to transport themselves from one shop to another with the trolley. yes, this is much better

156 b19-18 S which switches on itself at the appearance of moisture; it closes the thin electrode strip which switches on itself at the appearance of moisture; the moisture closes the thin electrode strip yes

157 t6-7 S When the sun is up -- the pressure of the vapor straightens the pipe out, when the sun is down -- the pipe folds up. When the sun is up -- the pressure of the vapor straightens the pipe out, when the sun is down -- the pipe folds up. Thus the pipe throws the ice away and gets dry by itself while being stretched up. yes

157 b24 S That was how the scientists learned that Germans had found the way That was how the Russian scientists learned that Germans had found the way yes

157 b21-20 S as it was evident that "it worked". Lab assistants "...heated caprolactom in test tubes as it was evident that 'it worked'. Knounyants continues his recollection: "... (Lab assistants) heated caprolactom in test tubes yes

157 b9-7 S Imagine two movie frames: one has an initial situation (the crystal does not bend), the other has the ideal final result (slowly and smoothly the crystal bends through a narrow angle). [The two frames should be static (or instantaneous). Thus:]
Imagine two movie frames: one has an initial situation (the crystal is streitht, not bent), the other has the ideal final result (the crystal is bent smoothly through a narrow angle). yes

157 b6 E But it is easier to find it if the ideal effect is known. But it is easier to find it if the ideal result is known. yes

157 b4-3 S is deposited by evaporation on one of the crystal faces (miniature dwarfs is deposited by evaporation on one of the crystal faces at a high temperature (miniature dwarfs yes

158 t1-3 S To obtain a concave crystal a substance with a bigger thermal coefficient is used, and to get a convex crystal a smaller coefficient is needed. To obtain a concave crystal a substance with a bigger thermal coefficient is used, and to get a convex crystal one with a smaller coefficient is needed. yes

158 t10-11 S To punish the thieves some redundant direct elements are added to the circuit: [The word "direct" is not clear, and even redundant. Thus:]
To punish the thieves some redundant elements are added to the circuit: yes

159 t1 Q/S 7.3 LET US FACTOR THE TRIVIAL OUT [Readers may be misled or puzzled with this subtitle. I think this is a phrase told by people who do not understand the real value of the seemingly trivial (or rather absurd) novel solution. So my suggestion is to put the whole phrase in " ". Thus:]
7.3 "LET US FACTOR THE ABSURD OUT" Not exactly. The meaning of this phrase in Russian is a bit different. A real breakthrough solution almost always resides beyond generally-accepted views and therefore meets the resistance of "authorities" in the area of invention. But to come up with such invention, we must not target at creating small improvements (trivial), but to think open and broad. Therefore, to achieve a breakthrough solution, we must factor out trivial. Please think of what subtitle would be better for Japanese readers to express this idea.

160 t3-5 S an equivalent of a family refrigerator light switch -- when the door is closed it breaks the circuit switching off the light. But [Simpler explanation should be better:]
an equivalent of a family refrigerator light switch -- when the door is closed the light is off and when the door is open the light is on. But yes

160 t12 E the wire would brake off the wire would break off yes

160 t15-16 Q What considerations of physical nature can hinder the effect? [I do not understand what you meant here. What is "the effect" here?] Which laws of physics prohibit to do it?

161 t2-3 S Different trends eventually grow, increasing their effect Different trends gradually grow, increasing their effect exactly

164 t13-14 Q Among the reviewed problems there are some that haven't been solved yet, [What do you mean by "the reviewed problems"?] Among the problems presented below there are some that haven't been solved yet,

165 t19-20 Q the duty fitter was replaced with a service engineer, [What is "duty fitter"?] Duty fitter = person responsible for controlling the device (controller, or maintenance man)

165 b13-12 Q the water is tinted and color organs are used - [What is "organs" here?] organ here is a musical instrument. It is better to say, "Fountains with color and music effects".

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Last updated on Nov. 22, 2000. Access point: Editor: nakagawa@utc.osaka-gu.ac.jp

Page	is	has to be
143	2. Formulation of main useful function.	2. Formulation of main useful function and social demand for a new technical system.
145	Formulation of main useful function	Increase of main useful function
149	Strategy 3 ? part of the technical system functions are delivered by its subsystem and substance.	Strategy 3 ? part of the technical system functions are delivered by its subsystem and further by a substance.
150	Therefore, a technical problem arises: carbon sintering requires a high temperature which damages the copper wire..	Therefore, a technical contradiction arises: carbon sintering requires a high temperature, but the high temperature damages the copper wire.
152	...substances (phosphorus and tritium) have 'absorbed' all the other...	...substances (luminophore and tritium) have 'absorbed' all the other...
155	The Ideal Final Result serves as criterion for the best solution	The Ideal Final Result serves as as a major guideline...
155	The strive to reach the ideal final result readily cuts off the lower levels solutions....	The strive to reach the ideal final result radically cuts off the lower levels solutions.
155	There can be several solutions handled by the same formula: from bimetal plates to inflatable (or liquid) moulds.	There can be several solutions handled by the same formula: from bimetal plates for pushing away the ice-cube to inflatable (or liquid) moulds.
156	Russian Federation Patent no. 606 282	Russian Federation Patent no. 506 282
158	The thieves imitate an unconnected connection, taking it for a mistake	The thieves imitate an unconnected connection, taking it for a mistake. Solutions close to ideal can be obtained by using the physical effects. For instance, to solve a problem about "smart pegs" Page 72), where the physical contradiction is "there are should be many pegs and not many pegs", we must choose an action which would provide the main useful function: cutting metal sheets. That is, there should be many pegs, but they must disappear in a proximity of fire. Answer: the pegs have to be made from the metal that has memory shape, for instance, nitinol. When a peg "feels" the approaching heat, it bends towards the table. After being cooled down, it will restore its original position.
159	In 1912 S.Lebedyev was the first to obtain synthetic rubber.	In 1932 S.Lebedyev was the first to obtain synthetic rubber.
165	Soviet Patent 774 466	Soviet Patent 774 661

P L E/Q	is	has to be
144 b19 Q	It would be the nacelle and not the rotor, which has a high air resistance, that would gain the rotation.	It would be the nacelle and not only the rotor, which has a high air resistance, that would gain the rotation. [This sentence is not clear in its meaning.]
145 t19-20 S	This came as a shock for all but for one person's life it was the turning point.	This came as a shock for all, but for one person's life it was the turning point.
146 t16 S	(design) - 8000 km/hr - 1 mln km/hr.	(design) - 8000 km/hr - 1 million km/hr.
148 b17 E	a boiler with the height of 117 and weight of	a boiler with the height of 117 m and weight of
149 b16 S	nighbour, which is disposed of as irrelevant, one substance takes up	nighbour, which is disposed of as irrelevant, and one substance takes up
150 t6 C	optical fibre cables were placed inside the existing water pipes,	optical fibre cables were placed inside the existing waste water tubes,
150 t17-18 S	and another light shutters (yellow light, for example)	and another light shutters (green light, for example)
151 b9-8 E	This is not the solution problem about a clothing mill	This is not the solution of problem about a clothing mill
152 b9 S	is clearly evident in radio electronics:	is clearly evident in microelectronics:
153 b14-13 S	- all this constitutes the increase of the technical systems ideality level.	- all these constitute the increase of the technical system's ideality level.
153 b3 Q	to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost anything'.	to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost without anything'.
156 t15 Q	will freeze to turn ice	will freeze to turn into ice
159 t1 S	7.3 LET US FACTOR THE TRIVIAL OUT	7.3 'LET US FACTOR THE TRIVIAL OUT'
159 t7 Q	steel wheels would slide along the steel rails	steel wheels would slip over the steel rails
159 b9 E	Kolbe once called van't Hoff's	Kolbe once called van't Hoff's
160 b16 E	the speed of 900 km/Hr	the speed of 900 km/hr
161 t2 Q	Different trends eventually grow,	Different trends gradually grow,
162 t6-7 E	for example, some parts of body, may be	for example, some parts of body may be
162 t8-9 E	the heavier and taller the person is the more he knows	the heavier and taller the person is, the more he knows
163 b2 E	He played a loosing game	He played a losing game
164 b10 S	filters mean expenses for their design and maintenance...	filters mean expenses for their installment and maintenance...
165 b10 E	prove that they hypothesis is true	prove that the hypothesis is true
165 b5 E	(polyacriamide, for instance,	polyacrilamide, for instance,
167 t1 E	PLASTIC SPRINKLE	PLASTIC SPRINKLER

P L E/Q/C	Is	Has to be [or Question]	Answer
141 t3-4 S	the principle of transformation of a real technical system into an ideal one	the principle of transition of a real technical system into an ideal one	ok
141 t4 S	has an entirely material basis.	has an entirely materialistic basis.	ok
141 t17 S	To be able to see the chain of these transformations we can use	To be able to see the chain of these transitions we can use	ok
143 b17-16 S	and the convolution period of technical system begins. On the surface it may appear as simplification	and the convolution period of technical system begins. On the surface, the convolution of technical system may appear as simplification [The word "it" seems not clear.]	ok
143 b7-6 S	each of them goes through a series of steps:	each of them goes through a series of macroscopic steps in the following way: [Not the microscopic steps for individual inventions.]	ok
144 t6 E	(wider - cultural) knowledge.	(wider -- cultural) knowledge.	ok
144 t9 S	8. Increase of main useful function (see step 4).	8. Increase of main useful function (i.e. going back to step 4).	ok
144 t10 S	Let us look at these steps in more detail.	Let us look at these macroscopic steps in more detail.	ok
144 b21-18 Q/S	and had no idea that it was impossible to fly using the described device even with enough human power. It would be the nacelle and not the rotor, whcih has a high air resistance, that would gain the rotation.	[I think these sentences are wrong. They should be:] and had no idea that it had a serious problem to fly using the described device even with enough human power. Not only the rotor but also the nacelle would gain the rotation.	yes.
144 b15-14 S	The model could rise up in the air with the spring engine delivering a thrust of 10 g.	His miniature model could rise up in the air with the spring engine delivering a thrust of 10 g.	ok
144 b7-6 S	were placed one under the other (this was M. Lomonosov's idea of which the French were unaware).	were placed one under the other (this was a variation of M. Lomonosov's idea of which the French were unaware).	ok
146 t7-8 S	as any gain in weight is used to increase the power of the engine and convenience.	as any gain in weight is used to increase not only the power of the engine but also convenience.	yes
146 t17-18 S	The increase of main useful function manifests itself at all the lower levels of the hierarchy.	The increase of main useful function manifests itself also at all the lower levels of the hierarchy.	yes
146 b19-18 Q/S	Elimination of the technical contradiction promotes the progress of the system while a compromise leaves it where it is.	[The word "it" is not clear. Am I right in:] Elimination of the technical contradiction promotes the progress of the system while a compromise leaves the technical contradiction where it is.	yes, precisely
147 t19-20 Q	In the 80-ties the invention of armored compound of steel and iron	[What is "armored compound"?]	In the 80-ties, the invention of armor made of a compound of steel and iron
147 b6 E	led to undesirable overheating of the turning tool.	led to undesirable overheating of the cutting tool.	yes
147 b3 S	(Soviet Patent no. 1 175 611).	(Soviet Patent no. 1 175 611) (see Fig. a).	ok
147 b2-1 S	(Soviet Patent no. 1 175 612).	(Soviet Patent no. 1 175 612) (see Fig. b).	ok
148 top	[two figures without labeling.]	[Label the figures a) and b).]	ok
148 b11-10 S	the designers try to increase power as well as resources and energy consumption	the designers try to increase power by means of increasing in resources and energy consumption	ok
149 top Q	[The abscissa of the figure is written as "main useful function".]	[In the previous figure in page 143, the abscissa is not specified but supposed to be "time" as in page 141 and in page 142. If you prefer "main useful function", you should better mention it in page 143 and here. ]	On page 143, the abscissa refers to the main useful function as well. Please, indicate it.
150 t8 S	This technical decision (as well as in the case with gloves)	This technical solution (as well as in the case with gloves)	yes
152 t12-13 Q	In order to find the fracture in a printed circuit board with radio components	[I do not understand what you mean here with the words "fracture" and "radio components". And why is the fracture detectable with the temperature difference?]	In order to find the break of a conductive pattern in a printed circuit board with installed electronic components [The PCB is tested under applied voltage, and no current will pass through the break point. Therefore, the broken conductor line will dissipate no thermal energy. The temperature will be different (lower) in the broken conductor line].
152 b13 Q	Each hose along the generating line	[What is the "generating line" here?]	generating line here = generatrix of the hose
152 b9 S	The idealization process is clearly evident in radio electronics: extra-large scale integrated circuits include	The idealization process is clearly evident in micorelectronics: extra-large scale integrated circuits include [I feel there are some more places where you use the word "radio" in a somewhat strange meaning. Does it reflect any Russian expression?]	yes, exactly. Historically we speak "radio engineering" to express almost everything related to the area of electronics In Russian. In this example, I would use the word "electronics" rather than "microelectronics". Whenever you feel the need to replace "radio engineering" with "electronics" please do so.
152 b7 S	New methods make it possible to program the crystal properties so as to	New methods make it possible to program the semiconductor crystal properties so as to	yes
152 b5 S	- all on one crystal. Thus, a complex electronic circuit fits into one crystal.	all on one chip. Thus, a complex electronic circuit fits into one semiconductor crystal.	yes
153 t14-15 S	disintegrates at a high temperature and extracts the initial substance.	disintegrates at a high temperature and deposits the initial substance.	yes
153 b14-13 S	- all this constitutes the increase of the technical systems ideality level.	- all theseconstitute examples of the increase of the technical system's ideality level.	yes
153 b4-3 S	Yet the device is often redundant, the task is to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost anything'.	Yet the device is often redundant, the real task is to provide the required effect 'without anything' or 'almost without anything'.	yes
156 t3 Q	What can be more ideal than that?	[Here the word "that" is clear enough.]	What idea can be more ideal than this?
156 t12 E	The volume of ice is by 9% higher than that of the initial water.	The volume of ice is by 9% larger than that of the initial water.	yes
156 t15-18 S	To separate the freezing time so that the lower layer would freeze and eject the ice-cube after the cube itself hardens up this lower layer should contain salty water with a freezing point at, say, -4 ⁰C.	[It is difficult to get the idea here in this sentence. My sugestion is:] Let us separate the freezing time of the two portions, so that the lower layer would freeze later and eject the upper-layer ice-cube after the cube itself hardens up. So the lower layer should contain salty water with a freezing point at, say, -4 ⁰C.	yes
156 t22-24 S	It describe the way hot ingots use heat converted by an thermoelectric generator which is fixed on an electric trolley to transport themselves from one shop to another.	[This sentence contains a mistake and difficult to understand. ] It describe the way hot ingots use their own heat converting it into electricity with an thermoelectric generator which is fixed on an electric trolley so as to transport themselves from one shop to another with the trolley.	yes, this is much better
156 b19-18 S	which switches on itself at the appearance of moisture; it closes the thin electrode strip	which switches on itself at the appearance of moisture; the moisture closes the thin electrode strip	yes
157 t6-7 S	When the sun is up -- the pressure of the vapor straightens the pipe out, when the sun is down -- the pipe folds up.	When the sun is up -- the pressure of the vapor straightens the pipe out, when the sun is down -- the pipe folds up. Thus the pipe throws the ice away and gets dry by itself while being stretched up.	yes
157 b24 S	That was how the scientists learned that Germans had found the way	That was how the Russian scientists learned that Germans had found the way	yes
157 b21-20 S	as it was evident that "it worked". Lab assistants "...heated caprolactom in test tubes	as it was evident that 'it worked'. Knounyants continues his recollection: "... (Lab assistants) heated caprolactom in test tubes	yes
157 b9-7 S	Imagine two movie frames: one has an initial situation (the crystal does not bend), the other has the ideal final result (slowly and smoothly the crystal bends through a narrow angle).	[The two frames should be static (or instantaneous). Thus:] Imagine two movie frames: one has an initial situation (the crystal is streitht, not bent), the other has the ideal final result (the crystal is bent smoothly through a narrow angle).	yes
157 b6 E	But it is easier to find it if the ideal effect is known.	But it is easier to find it if the ideal result is known.	yes
157 b4-3 S	is deposited by evaporation on one of the crystal faces (miniature dwarfs	is deposited by evaporation on one of the crystal faces at a high temperature (miniature dwarfs	yes
158 t1-3 S	To obtain a concave crystal a substance with a bigger thermal coefficient is used, and to get a convex crystal a smaller coefficient is needed.	To obtain a concave crystal a substance with a bigger thermal coefficient is used, and to get a convex crystal one with a smaller coefficient is needed.	yes
158 t10-11 S	To punish the thieves some redundant direct elements are added to the circuit:	[The word "direct" is not clear, and even redundant. Thus:] To punish the thieves some redundant elements are added to the circuit:	yes
159 t1 Q/S	7.3 LET US FACTOR THE TRIVIAL OUT	[Readers may be misled or puzzled with this subtitle. I think this is a phrase told by people who do not understand the real value of the seemingly trivial (or rather absurd) novel solution. So my suggestion is to put the whole phrase in " ". Thus:] 7.3 "LET US FACTOR THE ABSURD OUT"	Not exactly. The meaning of this phrase in Russian is a bit different. A real breakthrough solution almost always resides beyond generally-accepted views and therefore meets the resistance of "authorities" in the area of invention. But to come up with such invention, we must not target at creating small improvements (trivial), but to think open and broad. Therefore, to achieve a breakthrough solution, we must factor out trivial. Please think of what subtitle would be better for Japanese readers to express this idea.
160 t3-5 S	an equivalent of a family refrigerator light switch -- when the door is closed it breaks the circuit switching off the light. But	[Simpler explanation should be better:] an equivalent of a family refrigerator light switch -- when the door is closed the light is off and when the door is open the light is on. But	yes
160 t12 E	the wire would brake off	the wire would break off	yes
160 t15-16 Q	What considerations of physical nature can hinder the effect?	[I do not understand what you meant here. What is "the effect" here?]	Which laws of physics prohibit to do it?
161 t2-3 S	Different trends eventually grow, increasing their effect	Different trends gradually grow, increasing their effect	exactly
164 t13-14 Q	Among the reviewed problems there are some that haven't been solved yet,	[What do you mean by "the reviewed problems"?]	Among the problems presented below there are some that haven't been solved yet,
165 t19-20 Q	the duty fitter was replaced with a service engineer,	[What is "duty fitter"?]	Duty fitter = person responsible for controlling the device (controller, or maintenance man)
165 b13-12 Q	the water is tinted and color organs are used -	[What is "organs" here?]	organ here is a musical instrument. It is better to say, "Fountains with color and music effects".

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